Nodes and Views: Building Website structure =========================================== .. currentmodule:: philo.models Nodes ----- :class:`Node`\ s are the basic building blocks of a website using Philo. They define the URL hierarchy and connect each URL to a :class:`View` subclass instance which is used to generate an HttpResponse. .. class:: Node :class:`!Node` subclasses :class:`TreeEntity`. It defines the following additional methods and attributes: .. attribute:: view :class:`GenericForeignKey` to a non-abstract subclass of :class:`View` .. attribute:: accepts_subpath A property shortcut for :attr:`self.view.accepts_subpath ` .. method:: render_to_response(request[, extra_context=None]) This is a shortcut method for :meth:`View.render_to_response` .. method:: get_absolute_url([request=None, with_domain=False, secure=False]) This is essentially a shortcut for calling :meth:`construct_url` without a subpath - which will return the URL of the Node. .. method:: construct_url([subpath="/", request=None, with_domain=False, secure=False]) This method will do its best to construct a URL based on the Node's location. If with_domain is True, that URL will include a domain and a protocol; if secure is True as well, the protocol will be https. The request will be used to construct a domain in cases where a call to :meth:`Site.objects.get_current` fails. Node urls will not contain a trailing slash unless a subpath is provided which ends with a trailing slash. Subpaths are expected to begin with a slash, as if returned by :func:`django.core.urlresolvers.reverse`. :meth:`construct_url` may raise the following exceptions: - :class:`NoReverseMatch` if "philo-root" is not reversable -- for example, if :mod:`philo.urls` is not included anywhere in your urlpatterns. - :class:`Site.DoesNotExist ` if with_domain is True but no :class:`Site` or :class:`RequestSite` can be built. - :class:`AncestorDoesNotExist` if the root node of the site isn't an ancestor of the node constructing the URL. Views ----- Abstract View Models ++++++++++++++++++++ .. class:: View :class:`!View` is an abstract model that represents an item which can be "rendered", either in response to an :class:`HttpRequest` or as a standalone. It subclasses :class:`Entity`, and defines the following additional methods and attributes: .. attribute:: accepts_subpath Defines whether this :class:`View` can handle subpaths. Default: ``False`` .. method:: handles_subpath(subpath) Returns True if the the :class:`View` handles the given subpath, and False otherwise. .. attribute:: nodes A generic relation back to nodes. .. method:: reverse([view_name=None, args=None, kwargs=None, node=None, obj=None]) If :attr:`accepts_subpath` is True, try to reverse a URL using the given parameters using ``self`` as the urlconf. If ``obj`` is provided, :meth:`get_reverse_params` will be called and the results will be combined with any ``view_name``, ``args``, and ``kwargs`` that may have been passed in. This method will raise the following exceptions: - :class:`ViewDoesNotProvideSubpaths` if :attr:`accepts_subpath` is False. - :class:`ViewCanNotProvideSubpath` if a reversal is not possible. .. method:: get_reverse_params(obj) This method is not implemented on the base class. It should return a ``view_name``, ``args``, ``kwargs`` tuple suitable for reversing a url for the given ``obj`` using ``self`` as the urlconf. If a reversal will not be possible, this method should raise :class:`ViewCanNotProvideSubpath`. .. method:: attributes_with_node(node) Returns a :class:`QuerySetMapper` using the :class:`node `'s attributes as a passthrough. .. method:: render_to_response(request[, extra_context=None]) Renders the :class:`View` as an :class:`HttpResponse`. This will raise :const:`philo.exceptions.MIDDLEWARE_NOT_CONFIGURED` if the `request` doesn't have an attached :class:`Node`. This can happen if :class:`philo.middleware.RequestNodeMiddleware` is not in :setting:`settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES` or if it is not functioning correctly. :meth:`!render_to_response` will send the :obj:`view_about_to_render ` signal, then call :meth:`actually_render_to_response`, and finally send the :obj:`view_finished_rendering ` signal before returning the ``response``. .. method:: actually_render_to_response(request[, extra_context=None]) Concrete subclasses must override this method to provide the business logic for turning a ``request`` and ``extra_context`` into an :class:`HttpResponse`. .. class:: MultiView :class:`!MultiView` is an abstract model which represents a section of related pages - for example, a :class:`~philo.contrib.penfield.BlogView` might have a foreign key to :class:`Page`\ s for an index, an entry detail, an entry archive by day, and so on. :class:`!MultiView` subclasses :class:`View`, and defines the following additional methods and attributes: .. attribute:: accepts_subpath Same as :attr:`View.accepts_subpath`. Default: ``True`` .. attribute:: urlpatterns Returns urlpatterns that point to views (generally methods on the class). :class:`!MultiView`\ s can be thought of as "managing" these subpaths. .. method:: actually_render_to_response(request[, extra_context=None]) Resolves the remaining subpath left after finding this :class:`View`'s node using :attr:`self.urlpatterns ` and renders the view function (or method) found with the appropriate args and kwargs. .. method:: get_context() Hook for providing instance-specific context - such as the value of a Field - to all views. .. method:: basic_view(field_name) Given the name of a field on ``self``, accesses the value of that field and treats it as a :class:`View` instance. Creates a basic context based on :meth:`get_context` and any extra_context that was passed in, then calls the :class:`View` instance's :meth:`~View.render_to_response` method. This method is meant to be called to return a view function appropriate for :attr:`urlpatterns`. Concrete View Subclasses ++++++++++++++++++++++++ .. class:: Redirect A :class:`View` subclass. Defines a 301 or 302 redirect to a different url on an absolute or relative path. .. attribute:: STATUS_CODES A choices tuple of redirect status codes (temporary or permanent). .. attribute:: status_code An :class:`IntegerField` which uses :attr:`STATUS_CODES` as its choices. Determines whether the redirect is considered temporary or permanent. .. attribute:: target_node An optional :class:`ForeignKey` to a :class:`Node`. If provided, that node will be used as the basis for the redirect. .. attribute:: url_or_subpath A :class:`CharField` which may contain an absolute or relative URL. This will be validated with :class:`philo.validators.RedirectValidator`. .. attribute:: reversing_parameters A :class:`~philo.models.fields.JSONField` instance. If the value of :attr:`reversing_parameters` is not None, the :attr:`url_or_subpath` will be treated as the name of a view to be reversed. The value of :attr:`reversing_parameters` will be passed into the reversal as args if it is a list or as kwargs if it is a dictionary. .. attribute:: target_url Calculates and returns the target url based on the :attr:`target_node`, :attr:`url_or_subpath`, and :attr:`reversing_parameters`. .. method:: actually_render_to_response(request[, extra_context=None]) Returns an :class:`HttpResponseRedirect` to :attr:`self.target`. .. class:: File A :class:`View` subclass. Stores an arbitrary file. .. attribute:: mimetype Defines the mimetype of the uploaded file. This will not be validated. .. attribute:: file Contains the uploaded file. Files are uploaded to ``philo/files/%Y/%m/%d``. .. method:: __unicode__() Returns the name of :attr:`self.file `. Pages ***** :class:`Page`\ s are the most frequently used :class:`View` subclass. They define a basic HTML page and its associated content. Each :class:`Page` renders itself according to a :class:`Template`. The :class:`Template` may contain :ttag:`container` tags, which define related :class:`Contentlet`\ s and :class:`ContentReference`\ s for any page using that :class:`Template`. .. class:: Page A :class:`View` subclass. Represents a page - something which is rendered according to a template. The page will have a number of related Contentlets depending on the template selected - but these will appear only after the page has been saved with that template. .. attribute:: template A :class:`ForeignKey` to the :class:`Template` used to render this :class:`Page`. .. attribute:: title The name of this page. Chances are this will be used for organization - i.e. finding the page in a list of pages - rather than for display. .. attribute:: containers Returns :attr:`self.template.containers ` - a tuple containing the specs of all :ttag:`container`\ s defined in the :class:`Template`. The value will be cached on the instance so that multiple accesses will be less expensive. .. method:: render_to_string([request=None, extra_context=None]) In addition to rendering as an :class:`HttpResponse`, a :class:`Page` can also render as a string. This means, for example, that :class:`Page`\ s can be used to render emails or other non-HTML-related content with the same :ttag:`container`-based functionality as is used for HTML. .. method:: actually_render_to_response(request[, extra_context=None]) Returns an :class:`HttpResponse` with the content of the :meth:`render_to_string` method and the mimetype set to :attr:`self.template.mimetype `. .. clean_fields(self[, exclude=None) This is an override of the default model clean_fields method. Essentially, in addition to validating the fields, this method validates the :class:`Template` instance that is used to render this :class:`Page`. This is useful for catching template errors before they show up as 500 errors on a live site. .. method:: __unicode__() Returns :meth:`self.title ` .. class:: Template Subclasses :class:`TreeModel`. Represents a database-driven django template. Defines the following additional methods and attributes: .. attribute:: name The name of the template. Used for organization and debugging. .. attribute:: documentation Can be used to let users know what the template is meant to be used for. .. attribute:: mimetype Defines the mimetype of the template. This is not validated. Default: ``text/html``. .. attribute:: code An insecure :class:`~philo.models.fields.TemplateField` containing the django template code for this template. .. attribute:: containers Returns a tuple where the first item is a list of names of contentlets referenced by containers, and the second item is a list of tuples of names and contenttypes of contentreferences referenced by containers. This will break if there is a recursive extends or includes in the template code. Due to the use of an empty Context, any extends or include tags with dynamic arguments probably won't work. .. method:: __unicode__() Returns the results of the :meth:`~TreeModel.get_path` method, using the "name" field and a chevron joiner. .. class:: Contentlet Defines a piece of content on a page. This content is treated as a secure :class:`~philo.models.fields.TemplateField`. .. attribute:: page The page which this :class:`Contentlet` is related to. .. attribute:: name This represents the name of the container as defined by a :ttag:`container` tag. .. attribute:: content A secure :class:`~philo.models.fields.TemplateField` holding the content for this :class:`Contentlet`. Note that actually using this field as a template requires use of the :ttag:`include_string` template tag. .. method:: __unicode__() Returns :attr:`self.name <name>` .. class:: ContentReference Defines a model instance related to a page. .. attribute:: page The page which this :class:`ContentReference` is related to. .. attribute:: name This represents the name of the container as defined by a :ttag:`container` tag. .. attribute:: content A :class:`GenericForeignKey` to a model instance. The content type of this instance is defined by the :ttag:`container` tag which defines this :class:`ContentReference`. .. method:: __unicode__() Returns :attr:`self.name <name>`